Tips for Throwing Discs to Dogs

While out at your favorite dog park with your new Labrador Retriever watching the owners play catch with their dogs and discs, you realize it's time to show Howie how to catch one. You refuse to be outdone by the showboating team of Jeff Johnson and his German Shepherd, who you must admit, make disc-throwing look like an Olympic sport.
Before you embark on this sport, read on for five tips to help you and Howie too become forces to be reckoned with:

Start Slow

Before you and Howie get started, you need to introduce the concept to him slowly. The goal is for him to chase a disc, catch it in his mouth, and bring it back to you without hurting himself. It's a good idea to practice just the two of you in the backyard to get him comfortable with this new sport. When you start throwing discs at your dog, he might not know right away what to do with it or why it's in the air for that matter. Begin by rolling the disc to him to get him used to the size and shape of it. Some trainers suggest even attaching food or treats to the disc so they can associate it with something fun and positive. When Howie finally gets it, make sure to praise him. And don't expect him to be an Olympic dog champion overnight

 

 

Choose the Right Disc

To get him started, find a disc that doesn't hurt Howie's teeth and mouth while he's learning this new sport. Discs that are light and are made out of soft material are great for beginners. However, they won't fly as high or as long as some of the heavier discs on the market. Lightweight, rigid discs are also popular because they are easy for the pet parent to throw accurately and have a lower chance of hurting your dog if he's struck by one. Keep in mind, your dog can puncture lightweight discs with his teeth and potentially cut his mouth or even your hand. Experiment with different discs and find one that benefits both you and your pup.

Know When to Hold 'Em

It's important to learn how to throw the disc without hurting Howie. Pretend you are
holding a dinner plate upside down so you don't drop it. That's the way you want to hold the disc. Place your four fingers under the lip and extend your thumb over the disc. This is significant because when you release the disc, you'll be following through with your wrist, then hand, the arm, then shoulder and your entire body.

It's All in How You Throw It

Your dog will follow the disc where it lands. If you don't want Howie running all over the park and yard, you have to make sure your throws are good and consistent. He's not going to be able to know where to run until he sees the disc in the air. Throwing the disc directly at your pup is a big no-no. Give him an opportunity to see the disc in the air to know where he should chase it.

Make Sure Your Dog is Healthy

This type of play will be very exciting for your dog because of his natural instinct to chase and stop small moving objects. Make sure he's in shape to run, jump and possibly fall, and his teeth and nails are in good condition. And by all means, don't forget to periodically check in with him. This type of sport, although fun, can leave marks and bruises. Since Howie cannot tell you where it hurts, keep a regular eye on him during play.

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11:57 AM

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Dogs' nutritional needs changes as they age

No sensible person would feed a newborn baby the same diet as an adult. Indeed, our nutritional needs change dramatically depending on our life stage, including youth, adulthood, pregnancy and old age. And the same goes for dogs. A puppy has different nutritional requirements from an adult dog, a reproducing dog and an older dog. And, as a pet owner, you'll have to take account of these changes and adjust the diet as necessary.
First, it's important to be aware of the basics of a dog's diet. All dogs need an adequate amount of six things to thrive: protein, fatty acids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and water. Proteins provide amino acids. Of the 22 amino acid
s protein can supply, 10 of these are essential, because the dog can't synthesize on its own. In addition to making food more appetizing, fats provide several nutritional benefits. They help maintain a healthy skin and coat, and are important for digesting fat-soluble vitamins. Although dogs are omnivores and can survive well enough on a vegetarian diet, it will have to include plenty of protein and fats. Experts generally agree that dogs thrive best with a diet that includes meat because of their need for protein and fats.
Carbohydrates, along with proteins and fats, provide for a dog's energy needs. They consist primarily of sugars, starches and cellulose. Cereals and legumes account for much of the sources of carbs in dog food. Dogs need vitamins, specifically A, B, D, E and K, for chemical reactions. Minerals, like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sulfur, are also required for various chemical reactions in the body. Water is most important of all and is essential for nearly every bodily function.
Keep in mind as we go through the different phases that nutritional needs depend not only on life stage, but also on a host of other factors, like breed, size and state of health.

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11:20 AM

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Shih Tzu dogs

 

Shih Tzu dog information

The name Shih Tzu is pronounced shee-tzoo and means Lion Dog in Chinese. The name is believed to originate from the dog's vague resemblance to the Asian Snowlion, and this breed is also known as Chrysanthemum Dog since its face looks somewhat like the flower. The Shih Tzu was developed in Tibet and is one of the oldest and smallest of the Tibetan holy dogs. It is actually one of the oldest breeds of dog in the entire world. The Shih Tzu was bred as a pet dog, not a working dog, and it is believed to hail, at least in part, from the Tibetan Lhasa Apso and Chinese Pekingnese, but no one knows for sure. Over the centuries, a tradition developed where the Dalai Lama of Tibet would send dogs to the Emperor of China and receive dogs or other gifts in return. This is probably how the Lhasa Apso came to breed with the Pekingese.
In ancient China, the Shih Tzu could be found next to the Emperor where it would keep him company and bark if people or animals approached.
The Shih Tzu was a much guarded national treasure in China and exporting Shih Tzu dogs was prohibited until China became a republic in 1912. The first official record of a Shih Tzu being imported to the United Kingdom dates back to 1931, and the breed was recognized by The Kennel Club in 1934.

Shih Tzu dog care

Since the Shih Tzu originates from the Imperial Palace of China, it comes as no surprise that this breed requires more care than any ordinary peasant would have time to lavish on it. If you are looking for a low maintenance dog, the Shih Tzu is not a good choice.  
One essential part of Shih Tzu dog care is naturally to brush its long coat on a daily basis to avoid tangles. Some owners cut the coat short to save some time, but if you live in a cold climate you should ideally allow your Shih Tzu to keep its long coat at least during the winter. In addition to this, the Shih Tzu is adapted to cool Chinese and Tibetan conditions and is very sensitive to high temperatures. Being a snub-nosed dog (brachycephalic), it can suffer from breathing problems and heat stroke if exposed to high temperatures. Many airlines refuse to ship Shih Tzu dogs if they suspect that the temperature will exceed 75 degrees F (24 degrees C) at any point during the journey.
Another important part of good Shih Tzu dog care is to clean the area around the eyes each day. You can use cotton and some warm water, no soap is necessary. Some owners claim that giving their dogs chlorine-free water to drink reduces the amount of eye mucus, but this has not been scientifically proven.
Just like most other dog breeds, the Shih Tzu dog needs to have its claws cared for on a regular basis.
Unless the weather is too warm, the Shih Tzu is an energetic dog that will enjoy regular walks to burn off energy and explore the neighbourhood.

Shih Tzu dog puppy

All puppies are adorable, but do not settle for the first breed you happen to come across. A lot of animals end up in shelters every year simply because their owners did not choose a suitable breed. A Shih Tzu dog puppy is a great choice if you want to dog that stays comparatively small and does not need excessive amounts of exercise. (This doesn’t mean that you can put it in a dog crate and never exercise it at all, it simply means that it needs less exercise than huge working dogs.) Like any other small breed, the Shih Tzu does not require large amounts of food and you will be able to easily fit it into a carrying crate when you travel. A Shih Tzu dog puppy is however only a good choice if you are willing to spend time on coat maintenance throughout its entire life.

Shih Tzu dog training

As mentioned above, the Shih Tzu was bred to be a house pet and a close companion, and this becomes very clear when you start training it. It loves human company and will often love training sessions since it means it gets to spend time with its owner. Never yell at your Shih Tzu during training, since this will only serve to frighten it. Despite being a little stubborn at times, this breed responds extremely well to praise and if you spend enough time with your dog it will become very devoted to you. Use praise, affection and perhaps some treats during Shih Tzu dog training and you will notice much faster improvements than were you to yell and scare the dog.
Shih Tzu housetraining can start early, but keep in mind that the puppy can not be expected to control its bladder for an extended period until 12 weeks of age. Even at this age, it is still a very young baby and accidents will happen. This does not indicate that your dog is stupid or disobedient; it is simply a matter of physical bladder control. If you catch your dog in the act of urinating or defecating in an improper place, simply say NO in a firm voice and bring the dog outside where you want it to go. By saying NO in a firm voice you can startle your dog into stop what it’s doing. Remember, there is no need to yell or become upset. One firm NO is enough. Give your Shih Tzu puppy a lot of praise when it finishes its business outdoors.

Shih Tzu dog breeding

According to the American Kennel Club (AKC) American Shih Tzu Club (ASTC), Shih Tzu dog breeding should strive to develop specimens weighing from 9 to 16 pounds as adults. According to this Shih Tzu dog breeding standard, the dog should have a short snout, big eyes and a palm-like tail that waves above its torso. All coat colours are allowed, the important thing is a long and flowing double coat. In addition to this, the Shih Tzu should be sturdy built.

Since the original purpose of the Shih Tzu was to serve as a companion for the Emperor, it was bred to be an intelligent, friendly and lively pet dog that loved to spend time with both its owner and other people. Today, all reputable Shih Tzu breeding programs strive to keep these temperamental characteristics and create dogs that are happy, friendly, affectionate, trusting and well socialized.

Shih Tzu dog breeders

Several health problems are known to plague Shih Tzu dogs and it is therefore important to purchase only from Shih Tzu dog breeders that strive to breed out genetic problems. Reputable Shih Tzu breeders will also make sure that your dog undergoes a comprehensive veterinary exam prior to purchase. Common health issues in the Shih Tzu dog breed is portosystemic liver shunt, hip dysplasia, renal dysplasia and various eye problems. They can also be allergic to red dye #40, which is present in many types of commercial dog foods. The most common sign of red dye allergy is excessive scratching.

Shih Tzu dog price

The Shih Tzu dog price varies a lot from breeder to breeder. When you compare the Shih Tzu dog price always check what you actually get for your money. Has the dog been vet checked, vaccinated and de-wormed? Are the puppies well socialised? Is this a reputable breeder that strives to breed out genetic disease and temperamental problems? The life span of a well cared for Shih Tzu dog is 9-15 years and spending some extra money on getting a healthy, well socialized specimen is definitely

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2:15 PM

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Dogs Walking in Circles

Normal dogs don't typically walk in circles, except when they are either preparing to urinate or defecate, or their attention is drawn by a smell or another animal to the extent that they are forced to do so to avoid losing the scent or direct contact. If you discover your dog walking in circles without any such reason for it, be immediately suspicious and try to figure out what the cause is.

What to Look For

Dogs with neurological reasons for circling typically find it difficult to turn in the direction opposite the one they are circling in. Start your investigation by attempting to get your dog to turn away from the direction in which she is circling. Next, conduct a neurological exam. This should include an evaluation of her eyes, ears, spine, and limbs.
What to Do

Now ask yourself these few questions:

•  Did your exam reveal evidence of an ear infection? If so, the circling might be due, in part, to the imbalance that sometimes results from an acute middle ear infection. See your vet for the appropriate course of action and that should help resolve the circling behavior.

• Did your exam uncover any eye asymmetry? Different pupil sizes often indicate neurological problems that are best handled by a veterinary neurologist. The sooner your dog sees one the better.

•  Was every aspect of your physical exam completely normal? If it was, there is a strong possibility that the circling behavior is just that; a behavioral issue only. If it persists for more than a few days, it might be worthwhile to consult an animal behaviorist.

When to Get the Vet

A recent head trauma can easily be the cause of a dog's circling behavior. Because these effects may be the beginning of something significantly worse, it is always wise to seek the immediate attention of a veterinary neurologist any time your dog exhibits even the slightest behavioral abnormality following head trauma.

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Why Your Pets Are Suffering Common Deficiencies?

Some Common Vitamin Deficiencies in Pets
Here are some common deficiencies can lead to serious issues on your pet. These are as follows.
Iodine deficiency:
Most important chemicals required for the existence of living things is Iodine. It stimulates the thyroid which will lead to numerous critical issues. In most of the dogs hypothyroidism has been recognized due to the deficiency of iodine. This deficiency can cause due to lack of Iodine in food. Thyroxin is the best supplement to prevent your dog from Iodine deficiency.
Zinc deficiency:
In your pets; Zinc deficiencies can cause due to inflammation; also called bowel sickness. Zinc does not get properly absorbed in the body of your pets which can cause Zinc deficiencies. This may happen due to some genetic problem. Consumption of excessive amount of calcium can lead to zinc deficiencies. Meat and bone have a greater percentage of zinc so by giving it to your pets zinc deficiencies may reduce.
Thiamine Deficiency:
It is easy to treat thiamine deficiency as there are different kinds of cheap pet meds available in the market. Consumption of excessive amount of over processed food can lead to thiamine deficiencies. Raw fish eaters are prone to this deficiency. It is frequently found in cats.
Taurine:
Taurine or amino acid deficiency is caused due to eating over processed vegetarian diet. This deficiency may affect the eyes and heart in your pets. You can overcome with this deficiency by consulting veterinarian for appropriate Pet Meds.
Pet Vaccinations for pet meds
Pet Vaccinations are really very important for your pets to stay away from various diseases or deficiencies and health related issues as they can badly affect people who are enclosed by them. Consult your veterinary to get more information on suitable vaccination available for your pets’ health. The government has pushed a compulsory law for vaccination in countries where rabies occurs naturally.
A few vaccinations for pets are as follows…
Rabies vaccination: It is an essential vaccination for a dog as per the law.
Vaccination like Canine distemper and canine hepatitis virus are important.
Tips to improve immune system of your pet
You can improve the immune system of your pet by giving them proper food. Some tips are as follows.
Protein and wheat in the diet will definitely improve your pet’s health. Provide steamed or boiled wheat to your pet. Beef is also a good source to get protein. For dogs 50% wheat and 20% protein are important.
Oatmeal, millet also as brown rice can be the best source of energy for pets.
To improve energy level brown rice and Oatmeal is essential.
Eggs can be added occasionally to the diet.
60% of protein and 20% wheat are necessary to keep cats healthy.
Vegetarian diet is recommended for cats for healthy routine.
Avoid the deficiency symptoms of your pet by providing a good diet to them.
Cheap Pet Meds
Medication is important for pets to stay away from deficiencies. The best quality product gives fast effect to improve your pet’s health and also keeps them happy and stronger. Now a days online marketing provides different and better quality medication for fleas and ticks control and vitamin deficiency.

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11:51 AM

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Controlling an Aggressive Dog

Even the calmest of dogs has the propensity of being really aggressive and unruly if it (or its nose) is rubbed the wrong way. Owners and handlers should ensure these steps are taken to develop emotionally stable dog behavior.
Prevention is always better than cure, and an obvious step to take in handling an aggressive dog is to watch for signs of hostility. If your dog is emitting low growls, tensing up or not wagging its tail, it is sending up a red flag and its behavior needs dealing with. In addition, its ears may flatten and its hairs may stand. Further, it may tilt its head in the direction of the source of the aggression. Recognizing the warning signs it displays is a first step in controlling canine aggression.
Safety always comes first when controlling an aggressive canine. If you own a dog with a propensity for aggression, make sure that it is taken out only when it has a muzzle on. If you wish to give your dog a little freedom from the muzzle, ensure that it is not reacting aggressively to its surroundings. When it shows that it can react properly to stimuli, the muzzle can be removed accordingly.
Let your dog interact as much as it can with other dogs, especially when it is a puppy. Familiarity, in the case of dogs, does not breed contempt. With other dogs which are exhibiting calm behavior, an aggressive dog will be more likely to tone down. Keep your dog on a short leash; this allows you to pull back when it lunges at another dog. Say “no” firmly and calmly when aggressive behavior is observed.
Train your dog to be in the “sit” or “stay” position when seeing another person approaching. Reinforcing the “stay” command with your dog helps it remember that it must behave in a pleasant way to people whenever they approach. Use praise liberally when your dog shows that it knows how to sit or stay. This provides positive association towards both the command and people the dog may come in contact with.
Always watch your own reaction when a dog is hostile. If you show that you are in a frenzy when your dog is aggressive, it picks up vibes from you and will tend to be even more excited than it already is. Maintaining calm assertiveness is the key in combating dog aggression.
Get a gentle but firm lead for your dog. The dog will not have any negative association with it and love its walks. If it likes the leash, it heightens the enjoyment of going out for walks. A happy dog is a calm dog.
Dog aggression may be a problem, but it certainly can be controlled. With the right steps in place, you and your canine can have longer, more pleasant walks

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11:44 AM

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5 Ways to Rid Your Pet of Fleas or Ticks

As a pet owner you are aware of how detrimental it can be for your pet to have fleas or ticks on their body or within your home. With the implementation of the following tips you will undoubtedly be provided with the opportunity to understand how to get rid of fleas or ticks both naturally and with the use of a variety of different chemical-based treatments.
Tip #1: Flea/Tick Shampoo
The most popular form of getting rid of ticks and fleas is to purchase the appropriate flea and/or tick shampoo from your local pet supply store. There are an ample amount of different brands that can be utilized to your advantage which can be quite beneficial. Whether you are looking for a formula specified for your pet or if you are looking to gather a formula that you can use for your furniture as well, the options are relatively endless.
Tip #2: Dish Soap and Hot Water
For a more cost effective solution, many different pet owners utilize dish soap and hot water to rid their pets of fleas and ticks. Rather than having to venture to the store to purchase a new formula, bathing your pet in an abundance of dish soap will help to kill all of the fleas that are on their bodies. It is also preferred that you comb through your pets hair after treatment to ensure that all of the bugs have been killed.
Tip #3: Consistent Bathing
As more of a flea preventative and a tick preventative, ensuring that your pet is cleaned on a daily basis can be quite advantageous. Whether you are interested in purchasing specialized shampoos or if you prefer to use generic soap brands, the option is up to your personal preferences. With a weekly bath your pet will have clean and luxurious hair that will be less likely to become a home for ticks and fleas.
Tip #4: Treat your Surrounding Area
Although becoming aware of the ways that you can rid your pet of fleas and ticks can be beneficial, treating the environment can also prove to be a great flea preventative and tick preventative. You will be provided with the opportunity to purchase specific chemical-based or organic grass sprays and tree sprays that will deter all different types of ticks and fleas from your property. This will help to ensure that your pet does not contract these bugs while it is playing outside.
Tip #5: Oral Medicine
As a more drastic measure, treating your pet with oral medicine can be an advantageous way to prevent ticks and fleas from affecting your home. Essentially you will provide your pet with an oral dose of medication that will enter their blood stream to help deter ticks and fleas from attaching onto their bodies.

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11:14 AM

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Grieving for Pets

The loss of a pet is an often underestimated source of trauma and sadness. People are often stunned to find out how empty their house can feel after the passing of a pet. Pet’s play a unique role in our lives. Pet’s can be companions and friends. They cheer us up when we are down and they make us feel like the most important person in the world the second we walk through the door. Petting pets has shown to reduce stress in humans. Studies by the University of Hawaii’s animal science department showed grief over the loss of a pet lasting over six months for 30-percent of test subjects.
History is filled with humans mourning the passing of their animal companions. The ancient Egyptians mummified their cats to acknowledge their importance. Contemporary methods of pet memorialization include small grave-stones, and porcelain memorial plaques.
Everyone grieves for pets in their own way. Some cope by expressing themselves through poetry, music, or writing letters to their deceased pets. Talk to family and friends about what the pet meant to you and how they dealt with the loss of a pet. Grieving for a pet is a process. During this process you may experience guilt, denial, anger, and depression. These are perfectly normal emotions to got through. Blaming yourself is not the answer. Coming to terms with your feelings is the only way to deal with the loss of a pet and move on.
How one experiences grief is unique. Scientific time-tables for grief do not necessarily dictate how long one’s personal journey through grief will last. Ignoring pain will only make it worse in the long run. Reaching out to others and keeping a normal routine can help in dealing with grief. Remember that there are no right or wrong feelings. One should reflect on his/her feelings to really understand what is bothering him/her.
Animals are very sensitive to any change in the household. One may notice a change in behavior among pets in the household. This is because animals grieve as well.
There are those who feel guilty for wanting to get a new pet. A new pet is not a replacement for an old pet. One way to look at getting a new pet is as a tribute. You loved your first pet so much, that you though a new pet could be a comfort as well.

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11:06 AM

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Flea And Tick Prevention

A person can examine their pet at home to determine if there is a need for flea and tick prevention. However, it is important to follow application directions of a product closely to avoid accidental poisoning of the pet. It may also be necessary to treat the yard and home if the pets stay outdoors most of the time. Here are some guidelines to help any pet owner with this common issue.
Use bath time to find ticks. The water on their coat makes it tough for the ticks to hide. Another way to find the pest is to examine their entire body with your hands. This can be done while petting them. However, be certain to examine the entire body and include their ears. You may have to also separate their fur in order to find any ticks that have burrowed more deeply.
Fleas are just as easy to find. Simply use a flea comb on their coat and examine closely. Even if you do not find any fleas but think there may be a problem, you can still treat them for it. However, it they continue to scratch, have hair loss, or scabs on their skin, have your veterinarian test them for mites or bacterial diseases.
Most prevention options will need to be repeated for continued control. Topical treatments are most often applied to the back of the neck to prevent dogs or cats from licking it off. Shampoos are best to use when a young animal has a severe infestation. There are also oral products that work well.
It is vital to use caution when ever using one of the flea and tick prevention products. Pets can sometimes have a reaction to the toxins used or they are sometimes accidentally poisoned. If they develop ear twitching, mild depression, diarrhea, vomiting or excessive salivation, contact your veterinarian immediately.
To prevent accidental poisoning, it is vital to follow the products directions closely. If using a spray, first apply to a grooming brush then evenly brush through the animal's coat. Use caution to not accidentally spray any product into the animal's mouth. If the product is in liquid form, do not submerge the animal into the liquid. Instead, pour it over their body and use a sponge to cover all areas.
You will probably have to also treat your entire yard if your pet stays outdoors most of the time. It is important to use a product regularly for flea and tick prevention. It will kill the larvae and eggs of the pest and hinder their return.

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1:01 PM

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Skin Cancer In Dogs

Skin cancer in dogs is very common and is found in different forms. It is not always possible to see any changes to the cancer cell, unlike in humans where we can see changes in color etc. Therefore a biopsy is the only guaranteed way to confirm if they are benign or malignant. A biopsy is simply the removal of a small sample of the tumor which is sent off for pathology testing. If the tumor is small your vet may remove all of it to be used for the biopsy.
If the growth is larger, over an inch in diameter, then your vet will take a cell sample by aspiration. This is a simple procedure where they insert a fine needle into the tumor and withdraw a small amount of the cell for further testing.
Skin Papillomas
Skin papillomas on dogs are growths similar to warts which are usually benign and occur on the torso, on the foot pads, and underneath the nails. Canine oral papilloma virus is the usual cause of these lumps, and they tend to be found in older dogs, especially all breeds of Poodle and similar breeds of dogs.
No treatment is usually necessary other than keeping a watchful eye on them. Removal is not required unless they are causing a problem because of their location on the body. Rarely, will they become infected or bleed, but if they did removal would be recommended.
Hematomas
A hematoma is a blood clot beneath the skin, caused by a blow or contusion. These are not a skin cancer in dogs. You may need to have large ones drained. Hematomas on the ears requires special attention, please consult with your vet for advice as each case will be different.
If you find a hard mass that looks like bone then it is likely to be calcifying hematoma. They are often found near an old fracture site, and may occur as a lump on the head especially tall dogs who strike their head on the dining room table or other household furniture.
Because they have the potential turn into a canine bone cancer, calcifying hematomas should to be biopsied and possibly removed. They vary from other types of dog cancer as they are often difficult to treat and may reoccur.
Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts)
Another type of skin cancer in dogs is an epidermal inclusion cyst, also known as sebaceous cysts, these are common skin tumors found all over the body. Spaniels, Poodles, Schnauzers & Terriers are breeds of dogs more likely to be affected. Canine epidermal inclusion cysts form when dry secretions block hair follicles, this causes a build-up of hair and sebum (an oily/greasy matter), which leads to the formation of a cyst.
They are a dome like growth that can vary in size, anything up to an inch and a half but usually smaller. If they become infected drainage is recommended which occasionally leads to a cure. One option is to have it removed but this is rare.
Treatment and Prevention Of Skin Cancer In Dogs
Now that you are aware of the different types of dog skin cancer what should you do next?
1. Check your canine's body regularly, looking for any signs of tumors or lumps. I usually do it when I bath or groom my dog
2. Ensure your loyal companion has a check up with a veterinarian at least once a year
3. Be mindful of their diet. A good balanced diet will help prevent many ailments and help build up natural immunities to many skin problems and canine cancers.
4. Do research on common illnesses and cancers that occur in your breed of dog
5. Lots of TLC, walks and bonding. Not a cure or prevention but it will make you both feel good;

It is not possible to cover all there is to know about skin cancer in dogs in such a short article, but you can learn more by going to http://cancertreatmentfordogs.com this covers all forms of skin cancer in dogs, their treatment, prevention and onward care. Well worth investigating

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12:54 PM

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Cat Restraint

Cat Restraint


1. Catching Cats

A. NO cat will respond solely to verbal command
B. Cats will often try to find a place to hide rather than run away

a. May respond with ears laid back, hissing, scratching and biting at an extended hand

b. Most cats will cower, lowering their body to the floor and scooting backwards

C. You may also try throwing a towel or blanket over the animal, then attempt to grasp the scruff, towel and all

2. Restraint Aids

A. Cat muzzle

a. Covers eyes and mouth leaving a little hole for the nose

b. Unfamiliar surroundings may startle cats; they may feel more secure if they can’t see what’s going on

B. Cat bag

a. May give the cat a sense of security

b. Confines the 4 weapons (feet with claws)

c. Zippers allow utilization of specific body areas

C. Towels

a. Readily available

b. Can be used like a "baby blanket" wrapping claws and allowing them to gouge at the material instead of you

D. Restraint for examination

a. Any type of physical restraint must be used with caution, cats stress very easily

b. Allowing some supervised freedom is sometimes the best method

E. Restraint for Venipuncture

1. Cephalic restraint.

Place one hand around the head and jaw from the bottom of the jaw. Use other hand to extend the leg and hold off the cephalic vein at the top of the leg.

2. Jugular withdrawal

a. You should stretch forefeet over edge of table for better control

b. Keep paws from slipping by placing one of your fingers in between the cat’s feet

c. While restraining for the jugular, you should hold the cat’s head with the palm of one hand over the top of the head

d. The jaw of the zygomatic arch is grasped with the thumb on one side and 2 or 3 fingers on the other side

NOTE: This leaves the index finger free for scratching the cat’s nose to distract the cat from the procedure

3. "Stretch" restraint - can be used for medial saphenous withdrawal or injection

a. The "stretch" restraint is the best method utilized



b. Grab the cat at the scruff of the neck with one hand



c. With your other hand grab the two rear legs again slipping a finger in between his paws



d. Lay animal on its side, using the forearm of the hand holding the scruff to support the back

NOTE: The "Stretch" method can also be used for any task if more than supervised freedom is required on a rowdy cat

 
F. Chemical Restraints

1. Ketamine

a. IV injection

b. IM injection - extremely irritating, causes immediate pain, take precautions in restraining

c. Causes tetany when used alone

d. Reduces blink reflex

e. Apply opthalmic ointment

2. Acepromazine

a. May be used alone or combined with ketamine to reduce rigid effect

                    b. May be given IM or subcutaneously

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9:13 PM

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Rabbit Facts

Do you feel like there is something missing in your life? It is time that you consider having pets. Pets are social beings; you will be surprised how you will enjoy their company at the end of the day, if you just give it a chance. When you finally consider having pets, the first thing that comes to your mind is what kind of pet right? Well there are many pets today, actually any animal as long as you feel like taking care of it can be categorized as pets. Choosing pet is as easy as 1 2 3 because all you have to do is think of what animal makes you happy. Whether you choose common domestic pets like cats, dogs, birds and turtles or you prefer exotic animals like snakes, alligators, tigers, lions and the like, the important thing is you open your hearts and take care of them in the best of your ability.
If you are a pet lover, you love almost any animal right? Whether it is huge or small, as long as you want to take care of them, you are given the chance to show it. You should make it a point to practice the right way to take care of them because having a pet is like being a parent- it takes a lot of responsibility and love to be successful. If in this case you want to take care of rabbits, there is nothing wrong with that. Rabbits are commonly called bunnies. You should also know that there are several species of rabbits. You can see them living on meadows, woods, forests, grasslands and the like. Rapids are known to have rapid reproduction rate no wonder there are certain cultures and people who consider it for good luck. After knowing the basic facts, it is time that you consider rabbit care tips so that you can carry out your obligation as pet owner. You can begin to consider the following things:
1. Make sure that the habitat of your rabbit is close to their home. It will make them happy. You can make an artificial dwelling place by purchasing things you think that is necessary. You can search online for these items or things.
2. It is important that you feed your rabbits often. Rabbits don't need anything expensive because they will live if you just provide them with grass and leafy weeds since they are herbivores. If you want to feed them with the best, you can do so.
3. If you feel that your rabbit is sick, you should consult your veterinarians. It will not cost you much so don't worry. Veterinarians will surely help your rabbits get well plus they will give vitamins and other vitamins.
4. If you feel that toys are necessary, you are free to do so. Rabbits tend to be lonely sometimes because being far from home is really a sad situation. If you purchase them with toys, they will be preoccupied for a short time.
There are many people who regard their pets as a part of their family. This goes to show that pets can be loved like a human being.

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7:16 PM

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The Best Girl Dog Names

If you have never owned a girl dog before, finding the right name can be a fun but daunting journey. There are a thousand girl dog names to choose from, each with its own meaning and message. What most owners don't realize is how much the name they choose for their dog reflects on them, their style, and their personality. This makes choosing a name for a female dog even more important than just picking a cute or sweet option. As you think about what to call your new, four-legged lady companion, consider the following naming trends to see what sends the right message about both you and your pet.
If you are looking for girl dog names that convey grace, femininity, and strength, then you should think about choosing a name with historical or mythological connotations. A great place to start your thought process is with the Greek and Roman goddesses: Hera, Athena, and Venus have a lot of potential as names for lady dogs and send the message that you know of and appreciate mythology. Great historical options include Cleopatra, Coco, or Marie. Other good options include women from parables, like Delilah, or classic literature like Emma or Jane.
For those owners who are royal enthusiasts, there are a bevy of noble names to choose from that showcase your love of all things royal and your animal's class or good breeding. Good choices include Victoria, Camilla, and now Pippa. If you prefer American royalty, think Hollywood and opt for a name like Marilyn, Angelina, or Meryl.
One of the biggest trends right now when it comes to female dog names is to name them after Disney princesses. Jasmine, Ariel, and Belle all make great female dog names as they are feminine, fun, and create an instant association with something that is strong, beautiful, and well loved. Some of the newer princesses also have great names, like Mulan and Pocahontas. While she wasn't a Disney princess, choosing the name Lady from Lady and the Tramp is also a very sweet option.
When selecting names for female dogs, it is key to keep the names short and sweet whenever possible. While male dogs can carry longer, more formal names better like Captain Jonathan Rochdale, female dogs do better with shorter names that have fewer syllables. If you like the idea of using Cleopatra as a dog's name, try shortening it in every day speak to Cleo. Similarly, if you like Pocahontas as a name for a girl dog then try shortening it to Poe. Not only will it be easier for you to say and remember, but it will also be easier for the dog to pay attention to when they are training or responding to commands.
Female dogs can be great companions for people of all ages or either gender. They are kind, loving, playful, and when necessary fiercely protective of the families they love. Just like with humans, their names should be chosen carefully and purposefully as the name that is chosen can influence how we perceive their personalities and relate to them over the course of their life. There are many girl dog names out there, and finding the right one for your new pet means asking yourself what kind of an association you want to have every time you see your animal. Do you want to be reminded of someone strong and graceful? Someone fun and flirty? Or someone sensible and calm? The name you choose can dictate that association for the rest of the dog's life, so think carefully and have fun choosing!

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7:14 PM

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Rabbit Caring Tips

Pets in the house can make a big difference at the end of the day. If you want common household pets, you can consider dogs, cats, turtles and the like, you can have all of them as long as you promise to take care of them. If you want remarkable pets like snakes, tigers, lions, crocodiles, tarantulas and the like, you are free to have them as long as it makes you happy. You see, the pet you choose will really depend on what you like and you prefer. Just make sure that whatever pet you choose you take all the responsibility that comes with it. Having a pet needs your time and attention. It is like being a parent because your pet will depend on you but they will love you unconditionally in return.
If in this case you prefer rabbits, there are things that you need to do other than feed them. Rabbits colloquially known as bunnies are famous for its rapid reproductive rate. In fact there are many people who choose to believe that rabbits bring good fortune. Rabbits can be found anywhere with different species that you can choose. Rabbits live in meadows, grasslands, wetlands, woods, forests and for European rabbits, they live in underground burrows commonly called rabbit holes. Rabbits have long ears, powerful legs and paws and they are herbivores which mean they only eat grass and leafy weeds. Domestic rabbits can be considered pets. You should consider the following things for your pet rabbit:
1. A house they can call their own. You can consider back yard hutches or indoor rabbit cages. Cages or hutches are not that expensive. You can choose different colours or designs but just make sure it has water system and a tray for their foods.
2. Rabbits are happy with grasses and leafy weeds but if you want to feed them other stuffs like vitamins and other stuffs, as long as it is healthy, that would be fine.
3. Grooming is important too though rabbits by nature are clean. By grooming it means trimming their nails and combing their hairs. Keep in mind that they hate taking a bath, for them it is too stressful. If you see that your rabbits are not clean, just do spot cleaning to keep them dirt free but don't consider washing their whole body.
4. The health of your rabbits is crucial too. If you feel that your rabbits are sick, you should bring them to your veterinarians. They will recommend things that you can do to make them healthy and nourished.
5. More importantly, give time for your rabbits. Rabbits are adorable and loving, they will love you unconditionally. Showing them you care and you love them is the greatest thing.
Having a pet is not easy because it is like having a child- you need to take care of them no matter what because they fully depend on you. Just give them whatever you have and they will surely return the favour twice. If you want there are other pets that you can consider. Going home will be different if you have pets waiting for your return.

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6:27 PM

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How to Manage Feline Diabetics

How to Manage Feline Diabetics



PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DM
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease in cats characterized by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. This results in a decreased ability of cells to take up and utilize not only glucose, but also amino acids, fatty acids, and electrolytes. In addition the lack of insulin results in increased gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, ketogenesis, and protein catabolism. Predisposing factors in cats include obesity, advancing age, and being male.

Two types of DM are recognized in humans, and these classifications can be applied to the disease in cats. Type I DM (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) is due to an absolute deficiency of insulin. This form of diabetes is characterized by minimal secretory response to ß-cell secretagogues such as glucagons. Type II DM (non-insulin dependent diabetes) is characterized by abnormal insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance, and results in a stable reregulation of the blood glucose concentration at a higher concentration. The two types of diabetes are classically distinguished by characteristic responses to challenge by insulin secretagogues such as glucose, glucagons, or arginine. In type I DM, there is a decreased or negligible secretion of insulin compared to normal animals, whereas in type II DM, total insulin secretion may be normal or increased, although the pattern of secretion may be abnormal. The insulin concentration is still insufficient, however, to prevent hyperglycemia. The phenomenon of glucose toxicity complicates interpretation of glucagon tolerance tests, particularly in cats, and the test is of little clinical utility. Currently the true prevalence of type I versus type II diabetes mellitus in diabetic cats is unknown.


DIAGNOSIS
The diagnosis of DM is made based on characteristic clinical signs of diabetes mellitus (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss), and documentation of hyperglycemia and glycosuria. In cats diagnosis may be complicated by the occurrence of marked stress hyperglycemia. When making a diagnosis of DM in cats, it is therefore important not only to document persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria, but also to rule out other diseases that may cause similar clinical signs. Measurement of fructosamine concentration or urine glucose on urine samples collected in the home environment allow the clinician to distinguish between stress induced hyperglycemia (and resultant glycosuria) and persistent hyperglycemia due to diabetes mellitus. Glycosuria may also occur secondary to ketamine anesthesia, chronic renal failure, and postobstructive diuresis. The presence of significant ketonuria together with hyperglycemia, is diagnostic for diabetes mellitus in cats.

Cats are also unique in that DM may be transient or intermittent. In one study, 10 diabetic cats were reported to go into spontaneous remission after 1 to 3 months of therapy. In other studies, up to 70% of cats with DM have been reported to go into spontaneous clinical remission, suggesting that up to 70% of cats may have type II DM. The glucagon tolerance test is not useful in predicting whether or not a cat is likely to go into remission.


TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN CATS
Most diabetic cats should be treated with insulin in conjunction with dietary modification. Oral hypoglycemic drugs such as glipizide can be considered in certain circumstances but are not effective for control of diabetes mellitus in the majority of diabetic cats.


INSULIN
Insulins may be classified by insulin source, insulin formulation, or duration of action of insulin. Not all forms of insulin are currently commercially available and product availability is likely to continue to change. Insulin formulations that are or have been available in the recent past include:


short duration regular insulin (designated R)
moderate duration NPH insulin (designated N)
moderate duration Lente insulin (designated L)
long duration Ultralente insulin (designated U)
long duration PZI insulin.
Insulin may be derived from bovine, porcine, or human recombinant sources and the concentration may be either 100 units/mL or 40 units/mL. A number of human recombinant insulin analogues are also available.

The types of insulin recommended for use in cats have been complicated by the recent disappearance of many insulin products from the market. The insulin products that are currently available and recommended for use in small animals are listed below:


Short acting:
Regular insulin (Zinc insulin crystals)
Products: Humulin R [Lilly], Novolin R [NovoNordisk] Both human recombinant. 100 U/mL
Moderate acting:
NPH insulin (neutral protamine hagedorn) Complexed with protamine zinc in phosphate buffer
Products: (Humulin N [Lilly], Novolin N [NovoNordisk] Both human recombinant 100 U/mL
Lente insulin (3 parts semilente, seven parts ultralente)
Mix of crystalline and amorphous in acetate buffer
Products: Vetsulin [Intervet] Pure pork insulin (40 U/mL)
Long acting:
PZI insulin
Insulin complexed with protamine and zinc.
Products: PZI Vet, [Idexx] 90% Beef, 10% Pork (40 U/mL)
Glargine insulin long-acting insulin analog
Products: Lantus [Lilly] human recombinant. 100 U/mL

INSULIN THERAPY IN CATS
Regular insulin should be used in any sick or ketoacidotic patient for short term control of the blood glucose until the cat can be transitioned to a longer acting insulin. Insulin products suitable for long-term control of diabetes mellitus in cats include Lente, PZI, and Glargine insulin. NPH insulin, although it can be used in cats, is typically too short acting to result in good long-term glycemic control in most cats.


PZI Insulin
In a study of 67 diabetic cats (34 cats with newly diagnosed DM, and 33 cats with poorly controlled DM), PZI insulin was effective in decreasing BG concentration in 85% of cats and improving clinical signs in 90% of the cats within 45 days of initiating treatment. In this study all cats were treated with PZI twice daily, and the starting dose was 0.4 U/kg/injection. By the end of the study (day 45) the mean insulin dose was 0.9 U/kg/injection. The nadir of the blood glucose occurred at 5 to 7 hours post injection. Hypoglycemia occurred in 31% of the cats and sometimes occurred even when very low insulin doses were used. For this reason it is recommended that the starting insulin dose should be conservative (1 U/cat/injection) with subsequent dose increase made based upon response to treatment. It is important to note that this study used the commercially available PZI insulin (PZI Vet), not compounded PZI insulin, and similar results should not be expected with the products supplied by compounding pharmacies. Because PZI insulin has a well established track record in cats and a large prospective study on response to PZI insulin in cats has been published, PZI insulin is my first choice for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats although this may change when more data is published on other insulin products in cats. The main disadvantage of PZI insulin is the expense ($82/vial, 20c/unit).


Pork Lente insulin (Vetsulin)
Lente insulin is also a suitable product for use in diabetic cats. Although it is not yet licensed in the US for cats it has been used successfully for years in cats in Europe. The major disadvantage of lente insulin is that it may be ineffective because of short duration of action in some cats. Unfortunately most studies of lente insulin in feline diabetics have used human recombinant insulin which is no longer available. The current lente insulin that is available is a pure pork insulin and the pharmacokinetics of this insulin may differ from that of human recombinant lente insulin. Useful information regarding use of vetsulin in cats . The starting dose for lente insulin in cats (0.25 - 0.5 U/kg/injection) is similar to that of other insulins. Lente insulin should be administered twice a day in cats. Lente insulin is considerably cheaper than PZI insulin (approximately $20/vial, 5c/unit).


Insulin Glargine
Early studies of the long-acting insulin analogue (insulin glargine) have been very promising. In a study of 13 diabetic cats treated with either once daily Glargine insulin at a dose of 0.5 U/kg once a day or lente insulin (human recombinant) 0.5 U/kg, twice a day, there was a significant improvement in both groups of cats and no difference between the two insulin groups. All cats were fed a commercial high protein low carbohydrate diet. Of the 4 cats in remission at the end of the study, 3 had been treated with lente insulin and one with glargine. In a study of 24 newly diagnosed diabetic cats, treated with either glargine, PZI, or lente, and fed a low carbohydrate high protein diet, glargine treated cats tended to have lower blood glucose concentrations and fructosamine concentrations than those treated with PZI or Lente. Glargine insulin resulted in higher remisison rates than did the cats treated with PZI or lente insulin. Despite these promising preliminary results further studies are necessary in larger numbers of diabetic cats. The cost of glargine insulin is approximately $65 /vial, 6.5 c/unit).


General Recommendations for Insulin Treatment in Cats
The starting dose for insulin in a new feline diabetic patient is 0.25 - 0.5 U/kg or 1 - 3 U/cat. It is recommended that PZI insulin should be started at the lower end of this dose.

It is difficult to predict in advance which cats will do better with which insulin formulation. The potency of different insulin formulations may vary from cat to cat, but this is not usually predictable in an individual animal, although longer acting insulins as a rule are less potent than shorter acting insulin. It is therefore important that a blood glucose curve is performed within 5 - 7 days of making any change in insulin formulation. Cats should also be carefully monitored for clinical signs of hypoglycemia, because of the possibility of remission of diabetes mellitus in the cat. Whatever insulin formulation is chosen, twice a day insulin therapy is most likely to result in ideal glycemic control. If this is not possible, once a day therapy with PZI Vet or glargine can result in effective control of clinical signs.


Switching from One Insulin Product to Another
The first step is to evaluate how well regulated the animal is on the current insulin product. Next the clinician should determine the potency of of the new insulin versus old insulin (long acting insulins are less potent than moderate acting insulins). Finally the proposed frequency of administration of the new insulin should be determined. In general better glycemic control can be established in cats (and the likelihood of remission increased) by using twice a day insulin. The new dose should then be determined based on these factors: If animal has good glycemic regulation, if switching to a more potent insulin or increasing the frequency of administration the dose should be decreased by 10 - 25%. If current glycemic control is poor and the potency of the new insulin is the same or less keep the same dose. The final dose should be adjusted based on clinical response, blood glucose curve concentrations (at least 5 - 7 days after the change in insulin formulation), and measurement of fructosamine (2 - 4 weeks after the change in insulin formulation). When switching insulins it is important to educate owners about obtaining and using U40 insulin syringes if you are switching to Vetsulin or PZI Vet. It is NOT recommended to use U100 syringes with U40 insulin by making a dose adjustment. This is liable to lead to serious dosage errors. The owner should also be educated about the clinical signs of hypo-and hyperglycemia, and taught how to manage an episode of suspected hypoglycemia.


DIETARY MANAGEMENT
Dietary management is an important adjunct therapy in management of diabetic cats. Options include a high fiber, moderate carbohydrate and fat diet; or a low carbohydrate/high protein diet; both types of diets have been demonstrated to improve glycemic control in feline diabetic patients. A prospective study comparing a low carbohydrate-low fiber diet to a moderate carbohydrate-high fiber diet in 63 diabetic cats showed improvements in glycemic control in both groups, but there was a higher rate of remission of diabetes mellitus in the low carbohydrate-low fiber diet. These findings support the clinical opinion that low carbohydrate diets in conjunction with good glycemic control increase the likelihood of diabetic remission. Which diet will be the most effective in improving glycemic control in individual patients is unpredictable, although it makes clinical sense to start with a low carbohydrate diet in most cats, and move to a high fiber diet if clinical remission is not achieved with the low carbohydrate diet and better glycemic control is needed. Other factors such as bodyweight of the cat, other concurrent diseases, and diet palatability should also be considered when choosing a diet for a diabetic cat.


POOR RESPONSE TO INSULIN
Clinical signs suggestive of inappropriate response to insulin therapy include recurrence or persistence of clinical signs of DM, disorientation or seizures due to hypoglycemia, or an insulin dose higher than 6U/injection in the cat. Adequate assessment of the cause of the problem requires performing a blood glucose curve. Measurement of fructosamine concentration may also be helpful. In cats receiving twice-daily insulin, most glucose curves can be performed during working hours (8 AM to 6 PM). Based on the results of the blood glucose curve and fructosamine concentration, appropriate recommendations for changes in treatment or further diagnostic testing can then be made. Common problems that may lead to a poor response to insulin include problems with owner administration, inappropriate insulin dose or formulation, insulin induced hypoglycemia, rapid metabolism of insulin, and insulin resistance. It is important , when interpreting the results of blood glucose curves to take into consideration the level of stress of the patient while in the hospital. Other factors such as clinical signs, results of urine blood glucose measurements at home, serum fructosamine concentrations, and changes in physical examination (especially body weight), should be taken into account when interpreting the blood glucose curves.

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1:18 AM

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