Foot-and-Mouth Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of cattle and swine. It also affects sheep, goats, deer, and other cloven-hooved ruminants. FMD is not recognized as a zoonotic disease
This country has been free of FMD since 1929, when the last of nine U.S. outbreaks was eradicated.
The...
Friday, March 23, 2012
Foot Rot in Cattle
Foot Rot in Cattle Foot rot is a term loosely used to describe lameness associated with the bovine foot. However, true foot rot is characterized by acute inflammation of the skin and adjacent soft tissues of the interdigital cleft or space. It is accompanied by diffuse swelling, varying degrees of lameness and in most...
acute pneumonia of adult cattle
Fog Fever NADIS data show that fog fever is a disease of the autumn. This is because it is almost always associated with cattle who have moved from a dry summer pasture to a lush autumn one What is Fog Fever?Fog fever is an acute pneumonia of adult cattle which occurs within 4 to 10 days of moving from an over grazed...
Fatty Liver in cattle
Fatty Liver Syndrome What is Fatty Liver? Fatty liver syndrome is the accumulation of fat within the cow's liver. The dairy cow does not normally store fat in the liver, so fatty liver does not occur when a cow increases its body condition and puts fat on its back. Fatty liver occurs as a result of the cow breaking...
Thursday, March 22, 2012
Diarrhoea caused by E.coli
E.coli Diarrhoea According to NADIS data most common cause of diarrhoea in calves continues to be E.coli . What is E.coli?E.coli is a bacterium that is present in the guts of normal animals. Most types of E.coli do not cause disease, however three types of E.coli are associated with diarrhoea in calves.
One type (known...
Displaced Abomasum in Cattle
Displaced Abomasum in Cattle What is a Displaced AbomasumThe abomasum (or true stomach) normally lies on the floor of the abdomen, but can become filled with gas and rise to the top of the abdomen, when it is said to be ‘displaced’. The abomasum is more likely to be displaced to the left (LDA) than the right (RDA)....
Digital Dermititis
Digital Dermititis Lameness is a common problem in all classes of cattle and can greatly affect the welfare and productivity of the animals. Esslemont and Kossaibati (1996) reported 24% lameness in a DAISY survey of 90 herds in 1992-1993, while a more recent survey (Kossaibati and Esslemont, 1999) on 50 farms during 1995-1996...
Cystic Ovaries
Cystic Ovaries Theis year cystic ovaries have been occurring very commonly, and have been one of the most important causes of cows being presented to the vet for not being seen bullingWhat are cystic ovariesA cystic ovary is an ovary with a large (usually greater than...
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis in recent years has come to national attention as a potential cause of water-borne disease in humans, due to contamination of the water supply by infected animal faeces. However, as well as being a potential human disease, cryptosporidiosis is also a significant cause of disease...
Copper Poisoning in Cattle
Copper Poisoning in Cattle Cattle are commonly supplemented with copper to prevent copper deficiency (often due to molybdenum toxicity). Unlike sheep, which are very prone to copper poisoning, it has been thought that cattle are relatively resistant. In the past most cases of copper poisoning have been associated...
Cold Cow Syndrome
Cold Cow Syndrome Cold cow syndrome is an unusual disease of unknown cause, which usually occurs in early spring in lactating cows grazing ryegrass pastures. It has been seen in most areas of the UK. The syndrome can affect up to 80% of a group of cows The most likely cause is the intake of very high levels of soluble...
Coccidiosis in Cattle
Coccidiosis in Cattle The Nadis data show that the number of cases of coccidiosis is at its lowest in late winter, and then rises during the spring to peak in June and July. This peak is followed by a slight,short-lived fall in late summer, and then another rise to...
Campylobacter infection (Vibriosis)
Campylobacter infection (Vibriosis) The NADIS data show that abortion and infertility remain significant problems on farm. One of the most important causes of infertility and abortion in UK cattle is infection by Campylobacter fetus. This organism can cause sporadic abortion, abortion storms, metritis, delayed return...
Calf Pneumonia
Calf Pneumonia Respiratory diseases in young animals
Enzootic pneumonia in young calves is a multifactorial disease that occurs mainly in two different systems: in housed dairy calves reared for replacement or in housed calves reared for beef in a herd other than the herd of origin. Dairy calves are likely to suffer from...
Calf Diphtheria
Calf Diphtheria {Necrobacillosis}What is calf diphtheria?There are two forms of calf diphtheria. The most common is an acute oral (mouth) infection, usually seen in calves less than 3 months old. The second form is usually seen in older calves and affects the larynx (or voice-box), Both forms are caused by the bacteria...
Bulls and Biosecurity
Bulls and Biosecurity The purchase of a bull is one of the commonest ways in which disease enters farms. Too many farms think they are closed but buy bulls. A bull is as likely to be infected with an important disease as a cow and, because of the close contact during mating, far more likely to spread it. So what should...
Brucellosis
Brucellosis Until the cases of brucellosis in Eastern Scotland and Northern England in 2003 mainland UK had been free of for almost ten years. However, the disease is still regularly seen in Ireland and other European countries. Thus imported cattle pose a major risk to Great Britain's brucellosis status What is Brucellosis?...
Bracken Poisoning of Cattle
Bracken Poisoning In Cattle Many plant poisonings, including bracken poisoning, are common in the autumn. The highest risk period is when grass growth is poor, particularly if this has been combined with bracken control so that rhizomes or new young fronds are available...
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea {BVD}
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) BVD is a viral disease of cattle caused by a pestivirus (similar to Border Disease virus in sheep and swine fever virus in pigs). It has many different manifestations in a herd, depending on the herd’s immune and reproductive status. Transient diarrhoea, mixed respiratory infection, infertility...
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) BSE was first recognised as a separate disease entity in the UK in 1986. The disease agent is believed to be a scrapie-like agent (an infectious protein) that causes destruction of the grey matter in brain, leading to a progressive disease. The main clinical symptoms are hypersensitivity...
Bovine Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV)
Bovine Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) (BVDV)BVDV is one of the commonest causes of infectious abortion. It is also associated with a wide range of diseases from infertility to pneumonia, diarrhoea and poor growth. BVDV is normally the most important viral cause of disease in cattle in the UK (at least outside of an FMD outbreak!)What...
Bluetongue (BTV)
Bluetongue (BTV) Bluetongue is an insect-borne, viral disease primarily of sheep, occasionally goats and deer and, very rarely, cattle. The disease is non-contagious and is only transmitted by insect vectors. The disease is caused by a virus belonging to the family...
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