Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is contagious disease of swine, sheep and other species characterized with encephalitis, pneumonia and neonatal mortality. It is caused by protozoon Toxoplasma gondii in animals and humans. Toxoplasma is most frequently found in pigs and sheep. Young animals are infected to a lesser degree than old animals. Cattle are rarely affected with clinical toxoplasmosis. Young pigs may die from pneumonia caused by toxoplasmosis.
Humans can get infected with Toxoplasma cysts by ingestion of uncooked animal tissue. In humans clinical symptoms may vary from fever, malaise, skin rash, pneumonia, myocarditis, lymphadenopathy and encephalitis. Infected pregnant women may transfer the tachyzoites to the fetus.
Life cycleAsexual, sexual and oocyst stages of this organism develop in the small intestine of wild and domestic cats. Cats get infected by eating mice or birds or animal tissue containing infective oocysts. In the intestine, the parasite develops through the typical coccidian life cycle. Unsporulated oocysts are shed in the faeces.
After a few days the oocysts sporulate and become infective for over a year. The oocysts are further ingested by the intermediate host (pig, sheep, cattle and humans). From the intestine, oocysts move to various tissues including myocardium, lungs, placenta and most frequently to muscle, brain and liver where they encyst. In the host, they may remain viable for the life span of the host. By eating the infected tissue mice, birds, cats and humans may get infected. The life cycle is then completed.
Ante-mortem findings 1. Neonatal mortality
2. Fever (40 - 42oC) and pneumonia in young pigs
3. Difficult breathing and coughing
4. Weakness and wasting
5. Incoordination and trembling
6. Diarrhoea
7. Abortion in pregnant sows and stillbirths
Post-mortem findings 1. neumonia
2. Hydrothorax
3. Ascites
4. Intestinal ulceration
5. Necrosis in the liver, spleen and kidneys
6. Inflammation of the lymph nodes
7. Multiple granulomatous lesion in the brain
JudgmentCarcasses of animals showing clinical signs of acute disease are condemned. Recovered and reactor animals are approved.
Differential diagnosisAbortion in pigs: Brucellosis, leptospirosis, porcine parvovirus infection, hog cholera and Aujeszky's disease. Encephalitis: Salt poisoning, chlorinated hydrocarbons, lead, mercury, Vitamin A deficiency, hypoglycaemia, encephalomalacia, meningitis, rabies and scrapie
Toxoplasmosis is contagious disease of swine, sheep and other species characterized with encephalitis, pneumonia and neonatal mortality. It is caused by protozoon Toxoplasma gondii in animals and humans. Toxoplasma is most frequently found in pigs and sheep. Young animals are infected to a lesser degree than old animals. Cattle are rarely affected with clinical toxoplasmosis. Young pigs may die from pneumonia caused by toxoplasmosis.Humans can get infected with Toxoplasma cysts by ingestion of uncooked animal tissue. In humans clinical symptoms may vary from fever, malaise, skin rash, pneumonia, myocarditis, lymphadenopathy and encephalitis. Infected pregnant women may transfer the tachyzoites to the fetus.
Life cycleAsexual, sexual and oocyst stages of this organism develop in the small intestine of wild and domestic cats. Cats get infected by eating mice or birds or animal tissue containing infective oocysts. In the intestine, the parasite develops through the typical coccidian life cycle. Unsporulated oocysts are shed in the faeces.After a few days the oocysts sporulate and become infective for over a year. The oocysts are further ingested by the intermediate host (pig, sheep, cattle and humans). From the intestine, oocysts move to various tissues including myocardium, lungs, placenta and most frequently to muscle, brain and liver where they encyst. In the host, they may remain viable for the life span of the host. By eating the infected tissue mice, birds, cats and humans may get infected. The life cycle is then completed.
Ante-mortem findings 1. Neonatal mortality 2. Fever (40 - 42oC) and pneumonia in young pigs
3. Difficult breathing and coughing
4. Weakness and wasting
5. Incoordination and trembling
6. Diarrhoea
7. Abortion in pregnant sows and stillbirths
Post-mortem findings 1. neumonia2. Hydrothorax
3. Ascites
4. Intestinal ulceration
5. Necrosis in the liver, spleen and kidneys
6. Inflammation of the lymph nodes
7. Multiple granulomatous lesion in the brain
JudgmentCarcasses of animals showing clinical signs of acute disease are condemned. Recovered and reactor animals are approved. Differential diagnosisAbortion in pigs: Brucellosis, leptospirosis, porcine parvovirus infection, hog cholera and Aujeszky's disease. Encephalitis: Salt poisoning, chlorinated hydrocarbons, lead, mercury, Vitamin A deficiency, hypoglycaemia, encephalomalacia, meningitis, rabies and scrapie 
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